Does all the atoms have similar things in their nucleus regardless of their element? At what microscopic point do the subatomic particles of all the elements get similar?

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No, not all atoms have similar things in their nucleus. The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element, and the sum of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass of the atom.

Different elements have different numbers of protons in their nuclei. For example, hydrogen has one proton, helium has two, oxygen has eight, and so on. The arrangement and number of electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus also vary between elements, defining their chemical properties.

While all elements have protons and neutrons in their nuclei, the specific number and arrangement of these particles differ, giving each element its unique identity. It is at the level of individual elements that the differences in subatomic particles occur.

At a more fundamental level, protons and neutrons are composed of quarks. Quarks are elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons. However, the behavior of quarks within protons and neutrons is not the same for all elements, as their interactions are influenced by the specific characteristics of each element. So, the similarities in subatomic particles are not evident when comparing different elements.

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